Fluoride in Drinking Water Tied to Higher Rates of Underactive Thyroid

A British study finds a correlation between the amount of fluoride in public drinking water and a rise in incidence of underactive thyroid.

63. Say (O Muhammad ): "Who rescues you from the darkness of the land and the sea (dangers like storms), when you call upon Him in humility and in secret (saying): If He (Allah) only saves us from this (danger), we shall truly be grateful."

64. Say (O Muhammad ): "Allah rescues you from it and from all (other) distresses, and yet you worship others besides Allah."

65. Say: "He has power to send torment on you from above or from under your feet, or to cover you with confusion in party strife, and make you to taste the violence of one another." See how variously We explain theAyat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), so that they may understand. 

66. But your people (O Muhammad ) have denied it (the Qur'an) though it is the truth. Say: "I am not responsible for your affairs." 6. Surah Al-An'am (The Cattle)

While the study is only able to establish an association, not cause-and-effect, experts say the link deserves serious investigation.

"Clinicians in the United States should emphasize to patients this association and should test patients for underactive thyroid," said Dr. Spyros Mezitis, an endocrinologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

"Patients should probably be advised to drink less fluoridated water and consume less fluoridated products, including [fluoridated] toothpaste," added Mezitis, who was not involved in the study.

But a representative of the American Dental Association took issue with the British report.

"Public health policy is built on a strong base of scientific evidence, not a single study," said Dr. Edmond Hewlett, ADA spokesman and a professor at the UCLA School of Dentistry. "Currently, the best available scientific evidence indicates that optimally fluoridated water does not have an adverse effect on the thyroid gland or its function."

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The new study was led by Stephen Peckham of the University of Kent in Canterbury, England. They compared 2012 national data on levels of fluoride in drinking water to trends for hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) as diagnosed by family physicians across England.

They found that in locales where tap water fluoride levels exceeded 0.3 milligrams per liter, the risk for having an underactive thyroid rose by 30 percent.

Peckhams's team also found that hypothyroidism rates were nearly double in urbanized regions that had fluoridated tap water, compared with regions that did not.

"Consideration needs to be given to reducing fluoride exposure," the researchers wrote. They believe that public efforts to strengthen dental health should move away from fluoridated water and instead "switch to topical fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based interventions."

Mezitis agreed that, while "fluoridation of the water supply is important for dental health, studies have also shown that iodine deficiency that may be caused by extra ingestion of fluoride is related to hypothyroidism."

He added that "drinking water is fluoridated in the United States, where hypothyroidism is a highly prevalent disorder -- affecting over 15 million individuals mainly female and greater than 40 years old."

Another thyroid expert agreed that attention should be directed at fluoride in the drinking supply.

"This dramatic increase in thyroid dysfunction associated with fluoridation of the water supply adds to previous studies indicating that fluoride has an inhibitory effect on the thyroid gland," said Dr. Terry Davies, a professor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York City.

The study "supports the argument that our water supply should be pure water and nothing else," said Davies, who is also an endocrinologist at The Mount Sinai Hospital.

But the ADA's Hewlett countered that other studies have not uncovered a link between fluoridated water and thyroid problems.

"A far more rigorous systematic evaluation of human studies conducted by the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks at the request of the European Commission does not suggest a potential thyroid effect at realistic exposures to fluoride," he said. "Additionally, the 2006 Report by the U.S. National Research Council found no adverse effects on the thyroid even at levels more than four times greater than that used in fluoridation."

And fluoride in the water supply protects dental health, Hewlett added. "Even with the widespread availability of fluoride toothpaste, studies show that community water fluoridation prevents at least 25% of tooth decay in children and adults throughout the lifespan," he said.

The findings are published online Feb. 23 in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland near the base of the neck that produces hormones. Thyroid hormones control the rate of many body activities, including how fast calories are burned and how fast the heart beats. If the thyroid gland isn't active enough, it does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's needs.

Did you know that fluoride was used through the 1950’s to suppress thyroid function in cases of hyperthyroidism in South America and Europe? (1)

Today, fluoride is everywhere from the drinking water, to non-stick pans, toothpastes and many medications. It is estimated that the average American takes in somewhere between 1.6 to 6.6 mg/day of fluoride each day. (1)

Research in the fifties showed that all that was needed to suppress the thyroid was 2-5 mg of fluoride per day for a couple of months. (1) Most Americans are easily exposed to these levels daily, putting the thyroid at risk.

Iodine Boosts Fluoride Detox

Iodine is a halogen, alongside fluoride, bromide and chloride. Except for iodine, these halogens are toxic to the body and, to make matters worse, they compete for the iodine receptors in the thyroid. In addition to an increasing load of toxic halogens in the environment, according to the World Health Organization, more than 72% of the world’s population is deficient in iodine. (5)

In the past 30 years, iodine levels have decreased by 50% in the general population. (5) Iodine deficiency may be the major reason why the thyroid is so vulnerable to environmental toxins.

In numerous studies, iodine supplementation has been found to significantly increase in the urinary detoxification of both fluoride and bromide, (6) thus taking a significant toxic load off the thyroid. In one study, only one day after supplementing with 50 mg of iodine, urinary excretion of bromide increased by nearly 50% and fluoride excretions increased by 78%. (5,6)

Research has indicated that the current RDA for iodine, at 150 mcg per day, may be too low. The new levels that I reported on in my article, “Protect Your Breasts,”indicated the need for 3-6 mgs per day to inhibit toxic estrogens from absorbing into the breast, which may be linked to breast cancer. (6) Thyroid expert Dr. Brownstein recommends a minimum of 1.5 mgs of iodine daily, and much more in cases of iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. (5)

Hidden Thyroid Concerns

The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study estimated the rate of hypothyroidism is 10% of the general population, (2) but because of an over-dependency on the TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test, many thyroid problems go undiagnosed. According to Dr. Brownstein, the true prevalence of hypothyroidism is closer to 40% of the general population. (4) This means 30% of hypothyroid cases go undiagnosed and untreated. (4) Could one of those cases be you?

The Not-So-Gold Standard

The TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test has become the preferred thyroid screening test, and is considered by some physicians to be the only test needed to diagnose an over or under-active thyroid. The thyroid-stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones assist the body in using energy, regulating body temperature and keeping the brain, heart, muscles and other organs functioning properly. If the thyroid gland is unable to produce thyroid hormones, in response, the TSH level will rise. If the TSH rises above 2.0 mlU/L, most thyroid experts believe this the beginning of sluggish thyroid function (hypothyroidism).

Many doctors only test the TSH as part of a general work-up for patients, instead of testing the actual thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Unfortunately, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the TSH test alone is an unreliable thyroid screening. (3,4)

The evidence suggests that the TSH normal range may be too high. Today, the normal TSH range is .5-4.5 mlU/L. There are many experts in the field that suggest the new normal range should be .5-3.0 mlU/L. This would increase the number of folks in the US diagnosed with a thyroid problem from 13 million to 26 million. This number would be even higher if they lowered the high normal to be 2.0 mlU/L, as many experts suggest. So, check your old blood tests and take a closer look at your thyroid function.

Many folks who have a “normal” TSH test are actually found to have low T3 or T4 thyroid hormone levels. The thyroid converts the less active T4 hormone into the more active thyroid hormone called T3. Folks who have low T3 or T4 levels are often not treated because the TSH came back as normal. There are many factors that can cause poor thyroid function. Perhaps the most dangerous to normal thyroid function: fluoride!

Water fluoridation is defined as the addition of industrial-grade fluoride chemicals -- typically hydrofluorosilicic acid or and sodium silicofluoride -- to the water supply, with the goal of helping prevent tooth decay. It's estimated that 70% of the water supply in the United States is fluoridated. This contrasts with most developed nations, including all of Japan and most of western Europe, which do not have fluoridation programs.

The fluoridation of local water supplies in the United States has become an increasingly contentious public issue in some areas, with vigorous debates taking place in communities that are considering fluoridation, and in some cases, activists attempting to overturn existing fluoridation programs.

On one side of the issue are pro-fluoridation scientists -- along with dental professionals and public health officials - who insist that fluoridation of a water supply is generally safe. Their position is that water fluoridation -- along with the use of fluoride toothpastes and mouthrinses -- can significantly reduce the prevalence of cavities. (1) According to the American Dental Association (ADA), water fluoridation reduces tooth decay by 20 to 40 percent. Fluoridation proponents claim that the only significant negative consequence of fluoridation is the risk of dental fluorosis, a discoloration of tooth enamel that occurs with higher rates of exposure to fluoride, and is not a health risk, only a cosmetic issue.

Dental fluorosis is estimated to affect somewhat less than one-fourth of the population aged 6 to 49. (3) The linkage between fluoride levels and fluorosis were studied, to determine what levels of fluoride exposure would minimize or eliminate this side effect. In 2006, a National Research Council committee of 12 members unanimously recommended that the maximum level of 4 mg/L fluoride concentration in water supplies be lowered. Subsequently, the World Health Organization established a guideline of a maximum concentration level of 1.5 mg/L of fluoride in drinking water as a way to avoid fluorosis. (4)

Opponents of fluoride claim that fluoride's benefits are outweighed by a list of health risks that go beyond fluorosis. They claim that fluoride's cavity-fighting benefits are questionable, that the research is inconclusive (or even compromised by dental industry influence). The opponents also claim that cavity-fighting results from topical exposure, and that ingestion of fluoride is not necessary. They claim that excess exposure cannot be avoided when fluoride is in the water supply, and that this exposure over time allows fluoride to accumulate in the body, where it may damage the brain, lower IQ, have neurotoxic effects, and damage bone, among many other health effects. (5)

One of the most controversial issues is the impact of fluoride on the thyroid gland. Many people are not aware that in the first half of the 20th century, fluoride was used medically as an anti-thyroid drug, to slow down the thyroid function in hyperthyroid patients. Fluoride was found to be effective at suppressing or reducing thyroid function, according to research, and the dose needed to reduce thyroid function was low -- 2 to 5 mg per day over a period of months. (6)

Opponents of water fluoridation are concerned that the levels of fluoride used to treat anoveractive thyroid are in the same range of exposure (1.6 to 6.6 mg/day) that is estimated in people living in communities with fluoridated water supplies.

While a number of studies have not found any link between fluoride and thyroid disease, other studies (7) have found that fluoride can cause alterations in the thyroid, including

• reduced T3 levels
• increased TSH levels
• thyroid enlargement (goiter)

What Should Thyroid Patients Do?

The debate over fluoridation has raged for more than 50 years, and is likely to continue into the future. With competing studies and inconclusive findings on both sides, it's clear that the debate over fluoridation's impact on thyroid health will continue for decades to come, as experts on both sides of the issue point to research that supports their positions and objectives.

In the meantime, what should thyroid patients do?

As a start, you can stay informed. For pro-fluoride information, a good starting point is theAmerican Dental Association's Fluoride and Fluoridation page. One of the best sources of information regarding the opposition to fluoridation is the Fluoride Action Alert, led by Dr. Paul Connett.

Certainly, thyroid patients have the option to follow the ADA and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendations, and continue to consume fluoridated water, and use fluoridated dental products.

At minimum, however, it's important to be aware of the CDC's warning against overuse of infant formula that is reconstituted with fluoridated water. According to the CDC, if that is a child's sole source of nutrition, "there may be an increased chance for mild dental fluorosis. To lessen this chance, parents can use low-fluoride bottled water some of the time to mix infant formula; these bottled waters are labeled as de-ionized, purified, demineralized, or distilled." (8)

You also may want to determine how much fluoride is in your water supply. A handy link to the CDC database, Fluoride Finder, can help you determine fluoride levels in your county.

For those who feel that the concerns raised by opponents are valid, Richard Shames, MD, author of a number of books on thyroid disease, and a Harvard-trained integrative physician, has said:

We know that 4 or 5 mg per day of fluoride is too much, but the problem is that no one knows how much people are actually getting. Those who exercise and drink a lot of water, bathe frequently, swim in pools, etc. or use fluoridated toothpaste or mouthrinses, may be overexposed to fluoride without realizing it. The first step to take is to stop drinking fluoridated water. You will need more than the standard carbon cannister water filters for this purpose. Instead, you will need a reverse osmosis or distillation unit. I also suggest non-fluoridated toothpaste, which is easily available with a bit of looking carefully at the health food store shelf. I realize that it is possible that children not using fluoride could possibly have more cavities, but this has not been proven to every doctor's satisfaction. I personally believe that the benefits of fluoride, even for children, have been overstated, and the risks minimized. For those who feel a need to use fluoridated products for their children's teeth, as with many health matters, moderation is the key. Use it sparingly and under close supervision, and do not allow children to swallow products containing fluoride.

 The adding of chemicals thought to be safe to the public water supply is being linked to underactive thyroid cases in England according to a new study.

The chemical fluoride is added in controlled doses to some public water supplies to reduce tooth decay.

A fluoridated water supply prevents cavities, however the report raises concerns that it may have other he alth consequences.

Doctors in the West Midlands, which has the biggest water fluoridation scheme in the UK, are nearly twice as likely to report high hypothyroidism prevalence as Greater Manchester, where it is not added to drinking water.

"The findings of the study raise particular concerns about the validity of community fluoridation as a safe public he alth measure," the report from the Centre for He alth Services Studies at the University of Kent said.

Although fluoride occurs naturally in water, around 10% of people in England receive water that is fluoridated at a target level of one part per million as it reduces the risk of tooth decay.

Researchers said they found that high hypothyroidism prevalence was found to be at least 30% more likely in practices in areas with fluoride levels of more than 0.3ppm.

The study, which is published online in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community He alth, said the effects of fluoride on the thyroid have long been observed, but there have been no population studies that have examined this.

"The finding of this cross-sectional study has important implications for public he alth policy in the UK and in other countries where fluoride is added to drinking water or in other forms such as fluoridated milk and s alt," it added.

"Consideration needs to be given to reducing fluoride exposure, and public dental he alth interventions should stop interventions reliant on ingested fluoride and switch to topical fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based interventions."

Researchers conducted the study by analysing the prevalence of underactive thyroid diagnosed by GPs in 2012 to 2013 in one model and also by comparing data from West Midlands and Greater Manchester in another.

They said they took into account the fact that hypothyroidism is more common in women and increases with age.

Fluoridation proponents have historically characterized those opposing or questioning fluoridation as “irrational, fanatical, unscientific, or fraudulent,” regardless of the legitimate scientific credentials of those opposing fluoridation.64 However, the mounting scientific evidence against fluoridation has begun to persuade an increasing number of scientific researchers and dental and medical professionals, and even some formerly avid fluoride proponents.65

While a comprehensive review of all existing and emerging toxicological, clinical and epidemiological studies weighing against fluoridation or urging further research is beyond the purview of this article, a brief discussion of some current areas of concern follows.

1: Dental Fluorosis

Dental fluorosis occurs when children absorb too much fluoride. This excess fluoride “causes the biochemical signal to go awry, thereby creating gaps in the crystalline enamel structure.”66 When the tooth finally erupts, is it unevenly colored, and may even be pitted and brown.67

Although early fluoride proponents claimed that mild dental fluorosis was the only potential, and relatively rare, negative side effect to systemic fluoride exposure, today about 30-40% of American teenagers show visible signs of dental fluorosis, with the rate as high as 70-80% in some fluoridated areas.68

Exposure to multiple sources of fluoride beyond fluoridated water supplies may partly explain the higher than expected rates of dental fluorosis, the first sign of fluoride toxicity. Indeed, it is nearly impossible today to avoid consuming fluoride even in non-fluoridated areas, since fluoride is now found in fluoridated toothpaste, the pesticide residue on fresh produce, processed food and beverages made with fluoridated water, and many pharmaceuticals.69 Yet, research from the Iowa Fluoride Study, the largest long-running investigation on the effects of fluoride, has indicated that the most important risk factor for dental fluorosis is exposure to fluoridated water.70 Perhaps for this reason, the American Dental Association now recommends that parents use non-fluoridated water for infant baby formula, while the Institute of Medicine recommends that babies only consume a miniscule 10 micrograms of fluoride daily, a near impossible feat when babies are fed infant formula reconstituted with fluoridated water – even where levels are within the “optimal” range of 0.7- 1 ppm.71

Despite the fact that dental fluorosis not only produces unattractive teeth but may also increase the risk of tooth loss, the EPA and other U.S. public health officials downgraded even moderate to severe dental fluorosis from an adverse health effect to a purely cosmetic one.72 This downgrade has been largely perceived as a bow to political pressure rather than a legitimate health risk assessment.73 In any event, “it is widely acknowledged that dental fluorosis is a manifestation of systemic toxicity,” leading to far more serious health risks than unattractive teeth alone.74

2: Skeletal Fluorosis and Bone Fractures

Fluoride, of course, is not equipped with a smart GPS, able to provide benefits to teeth while bypassing bone and other organs of the human body.75 Instead, approximately 93% of ingested fluoride is absorbed into the bloodstream, and while some of it is excreted, roughly 50% is deposited into bone, potentially leading to skeletal fluorosis.76 Skeletal fluorosis is characterized by painful and limited joint movement, spinal deformities, muscle wasting, and calcification of the ligaments.77 Numerous studies have already linked skeletal fluorosis to excess fluoride intake, and although health officials had formerly insisted that skeletal fluorosis would not develop unless a person ingested 20 milligrams of fluoride per day for over 10 years, current research now suggests that doses as low as 6 mg/day can cause early stages of the disease, and that skeletal fluorosis can develop even with fluoride levels as low at 0.7 to 1.5 ppm, the range used in many fluoridation schemes throughout the United States.78 Unfortunately, skeletal fluorosis may go undetected or misdiagnosed because some of the symptoms mimic symptoms of arthritis or other bone diseases, and because many doctors do not know how to diagnose it.79

In addition to skeletal fluorosis, epidemiological studies have now also linked high fluoride exposure to an increase in bone fractures, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and diabetics.80 Related studies have shown that people once given fluoride to “cure” osteoporosis wound up having increased fracture rates.81

3: Pineal Gland and Endocrine Disruption Studies

Researchers have now discovered that an even greater amount of fluoride accumulates in the pineal gland than in teeth and bone.82 The pineal gland is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the hormone melatonin, which regulates the body’s circadian rhythm cycle and puberty in females, and helps to protect the body from cell damage from free radicals.83 While it is not yet known if fluoride accumulation affects pineal gland function in humans, experiments have already found that fluoride reduced melatonin levels, interfered with sleep-wake cycles, and shortened the time to puberty in animals.84

In addition, studies have now shown that fluoride can contribute to hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), which is unsurprising, since fluoride was once used as a prescription drug to reduce thyroid gland function in patients with hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).85 The fluoride dose capable of reducing thyroid function is low – just 2 to 5 mg per day over several months. This is well within the range of what individuals living in fluoridated communities are receiving on a regular basis.86

4: Cancer Studies

Numerous studies have now suggested a link between cancer and fluoride.87 However, perhaps even more disturbing than the evidence supporting the fluoride-cancer link is the evidence suggesting that political and other agendas have played a large part in the outright suppression of this evidence.88

First, in the early 1950’s, Dr. Alfred Taylor, a biochemist at the University of Texas, conducted a series of experiments in which cancer prone mice consuming water treated with sodium fluoride were found to have shorter lifespans than cancer-prone mice drinking non-fluoridated water.89 After discovering that his first round of tests had been contaminated because both groups of mice had eaten food containing fluoride, Dr. Taylor repeated the experiment, and found the same results – a shorter life span for the mice drinking the fluoridated water. However, because these damaging results appeared around the launch time of the early fluoridation schemes, and because public health officials had already come out in staunch support of fluoridation, Dr. Taylor’s work was misrepresented. Specifically, fluoridation proponents falsely claimed that Dr. Taylor had never conducted the second study revealing that the fluoride-cancer link was still present when the necessary controls were put in place.90

Then, in 1990, a study conducted by the U.S. government’s National Toxicology Program (“NTP”) found a positive relation for osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in male rats exposed to different amounts of fluoride in drinking water.91 When NTP downplayed the results in order to avoid a public outcry over compulsory fluoridation, a storm of controversy erupted, with a number of scientists outraged at the failure to report the cancer linked results accurately.92

Finally, in 2006, Elise Bassin and her colleagues at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine published a study in the peer-reviewed journal Cancer Causes and Control, which also showed a link between fluoridation and osteosarcoma in young men.93 Incredibly, Bassin’s own dissertation advisor at Harvard, Chester Douglass, wrote a commentary in the same journal warning readers to be “especially cautious” about Bassin’s results. This lead to yet another controversy, with Bassin’s defenders calling for an ethical investigation of Douglass, since, as it turned out, Douglass had some conflicts of interest and was the editor in chief of a newsletter for dentists funded by Colgate. 94

5: Lower IQ’s in Children

Researchers have also begun to focus on the damaging effects fluorides appear to have on the human brain. In the 1990’s, researcher Phyllis Mullenix studied the brain and behavioral effects of sodium fluoride on rats.95 Her study revealed that pre-natal exposure to fluoride correlated with life-long hyperactivity in young rats, while post-natal exposures often had the opposite, “couch potato” effect.96 Although Mullenix’s research was published in a well-respected peer reviewed journal, the fluoride proponents attacked her methodology and declared her results flawed.97 Since then, however, forty-six other studies have emerged showing a connection between excess exposure to fluoride and lowered IQ’s in children, with 39 of the 46 finding that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with decreased IQ, and 29 of the 31 animal studies showing that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or memory capacity of animals.98

In 2012, after conducting a meta-analysis of 27 of the fluoride-human IQ studies, conducted mostly in China, a team of scientists from Harvard’s School of Public Health and China’s Medical University in Shenyang concluded that the studies suggested an average IQ decrease of about seven points in children exposed to raised fluoride concentrations.99 In 2014, one of the chief authors of the initial 2012 meta-analysis, Harvard professor Philippe Grandjean, concluded in a follow-up article that “our very great concern is that children worldwide are being exposed to unrecognized toxic chemicals that are silently eroding intelligence,” and that fluoride’s effect on the young brain should now be a “high research priority.”100 Notably, a majority of the 27 studies analyzed were of water fluoride levels of less than 4 mg/L, which falls under the allowable concentrations of fluoride under current EPA regulations.101

6: Benefits from Systemic Fluoride Intake?

With so many current studies linking fluoride to serious health risks beyond dental fluorosis, the question remains whether fluoride’s public health benefits outweigh any and all of these risks. The Centers for Disease Control has deemed water fluoridation one of the “top ten health achievements of the 20th Century.”102 Proponents therefore insist that even if there are a number of recognized risks of fluoridation, there has been enough evidence to show that these risks are remote and are far outweighed by the benefits.103 Yet much of the available scientific data today suggests that any benefit from fluoride in terms of preventing tooth decay has been from topical application, rather than systemic ingestion.104 Moreover, even the benefits of topical fluoride treatments have been recently questioned, since most dental caries today are in the “pits and fissures” of the molars rather than on the flat surface of teeth, and various studies have now indicated that fluoride has no impact on the pits and fissures.105

Research conducted over the last twenty years has also shown that the estimated reduction in tooth decay due to compulsory water fluoridation has been grossly exaggerated. While at one time proponents boasted a 50-65% reduction in tooth decay, a great deal of current evidence suggests the real percentage is significantly lower, with some studies showing no measurable reduction at all. 106 Confounding claims of benefit even further, numerous studies have shown a substantially similar decline in the dental caries rate in countries that do not fluoridate, and in areas within the United States that remain unfluoridated.107

Nor have the asserted economic benefits of compulsory water fluoridation come to fruition. In fact, a number of economic evaluation studies have indicated that the costs of dental care may actually be higher in fluoridated communities than in non-fluoridated communities.108

Unfortunately, rather than considering the new data objectively, public health officials and dental lobbies spearheading fluoridation schemes often ignore, reject, or suppress the evidence that does not toe the pro-fluoride party line.109 Nevertheless, as evidence against fluoridation continues to 20 Compulsory Water Fluoridation [23 Sept 14 accumulate in a variety of health risk areas, two conclusions seem readily apparent. First, there remain significant unanswered questions about the risks and benefits of systemic fluoride, and further research before imposing or continuing fluoridation schemes seems not only scientifically prudent, but ethically necessary. Second, it is no longer acceptable for public health officials to simply dismiss the accruing negative data and to continue to insist that the levels of fluoride children and adults are receiving on a daily basis are without any serious health consequences. Fortunately, tentative moves by the EPA and other federal agencies suggest that at least some public health authorities are inching towards similar conclusions

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BYU student starts club to promote women in dentistry

Universe.byu.edu-18 hours ago

From left: Alejandra Garcia, Lauren Olsen, Tess Hadley, Emily Coenen, Kendra Law and Emma Kohl attend the annual Women in Dentistry Conference at the ...

Spring man accused of practicing dentistry without license

KPRC Houston-18 hours ago

HOUSTON - A 41-year-old Spring man is facing charges of offering dentistry services without a license. Houston police sent an undercover officer to the Crosby ...

EU Court Strikes Down Belgian Ban on Dentist Ads

Courthouse News Service-19 hours ago

The court hearing the dentist's case asked the European Court of Justice to weigh in. Not surprisingly, the Luxembourg-based high court ruled Thursday that ...

MEDIA ADVISORY: UCSF PlaySafe Program Offers Free Cardiac ...

UCSF News Services-19 hours ago

It includes top-ranked graduate schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing and pharmacy; a graduate division with nationally renowned programs in basic, ...

South Africa's cheapest medical aid schemes and hospital plans in ...

BusinessTech-21 hours ago

According to legislation these are not seen as full medical schemes, instead providing limited medical service benefits, such as GP visits, basic dentistry and ...

Engaging millennial patients: How dental practices can market to the ...

Dentistry IQ-22 hours ago

Millennials make up a huge percentage of the US population. By attracting this audience to their dental practices, dentists will develop a long-term patient base.

Tea can help prevent dementia

Point Reyes Light-22 hours ago

According to a 2008 article in General Dentistry, the peer-reviewed journal of the Academy of General Dentistry, the drink to avoid tooth erosion is water or ...

Health Ministry views seriously issue of illegal dental practioners

Astro Awani-May 4, 2017

... Health (MOH) views seriously the issue of illegal dental practitioners which has become increasingly prevalent in offering cosmetic dentistry services, such as ...

Northridge Dentists, Dr. Assili and Dr. Elyson, are Now Offering ...

PR Web (press release)-May 4, 2017

Northridge dentist, Dr. Assili, and Dr. Elyson announce that they are now offering several promotions for a limited time this spring. Currently, patients can get a ...

Green Mountain Outlook

Research focused on the cosmetic dentistry market to grow at 12.89 ...

WhaTech-May 4, 2017

The following companies as the key players in the global cosmetic dentistry market: Danaher Corporation, Align Technology, Dentsply Sirona, 3M, Zimmer ...

Unveiling the future of dental care: Dal previews renewed clinic

Dal News-May 4, 2017

The excitement in the room was palpable as Dr. Thomas Boran, dean of Dalhousie's Faculty of Dentistry, and two second-year Dentistry students, Lexi McLean ...

Press Release Rocket

Cosmetic Dentistry Global Market Top Players – Danaher ...

NewsMaker (press release)-May 4, 2017

Cosmetic Dentistry Global Market Top Players – Danaher Corporation , Institut Straumann , Dentsply International , Sirona Dental Systems , A-Dec And Forecast ...

Green Mountain Outlook

Global Cosmetic Dentistry Market to Grow at a CAGR of 12.8 ...

Yahoo Finance-May 4, 2017

The report, Global Cosmetic Dentistry Market 2017-2021, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report ...

Edited Transcript of BIOL earnings conference call or presentation 3 ...

Yahoo Finance-May 4, 2017

This provides us the necessary funds to push forward on our strategic path toward our vision of fundamentally changing dentistry with laser technology.

Farewell to the 'Head bean'

Greenfield Daily Reporter-May 3, 2017

Born in Mitchell, Indiana, in 1932, Erwin earned his degree in dentistry at Indiana University, where he met Cynthia Ballantine. They were married in 1957, and ...

'Servant's heart' provides dental services to the less fortunate

Times-Georgian-May 3, 2017

Dr. Bill Calhoun began practicing dentistry 34 years ago with the goal of helping those who needed the service. He saw dental health as a path to overall health ...

Isaiah Thomas' postseason run has everyone amazed

Washington Times-May 3, 2017

Dentist visits on Monday and Tuesday provided a new one. Thomas used to make fun of his college teammates for their missing or misaligned teeth. An old ...